Kind Of Wireless Router Antenna

Wireless routers are devices that you could connect your modem to and broadcast a signal which wireless devices could pick up. Wireless routers are used for laptops and sometimes used for home networks. You could take an antenna wireless for all desktop computer (in laptops, it comes with 1 built in) and just have one router can send wireless signal to all of your computers immediately. That means you don't have to care about extensive cords and wires all over your office or house.

In particular, a wireless router antenna is used to get radio waves, which are produced by the router, and converts them back to electric pulses, which the PC could translate into data.

Types of Wireless Router Antennas

Basics

There are 2 types of this type of antenna. The first type the omni-directional antenna. This could boost signal a bit higher on all directions. This would be great if you are either setting up a business where in you provide free wifi or you just want to set up the router in the middle of your office or house. You can freely utilize your wireless devices all through your home. The second type of antenna is called the directional antenna. This antenna is used to broadcast a very strong signal in a direction. Assuming you wanted to set up a business and you only utilize wireless devices on a particular side of the building. Since omni-directional antennas are not as powerful like the directional antennas (the reason for this is because they have to distribute the signal equally in all directions), you can simply set up a directional antenna anywhere in your house and point it in that direction.

Range Extender

A range extender is a directional antenna. The advantage of this type of antenna from that of the first one mentioned is that it could be applied to both omni directional and directional antennas. This antenna as well operates with the antenna that you already have. The way it works is just like a mirror. You just have to plug in your router like the usual way of setting it up. However, this time, the signal it produces would bounce-off and  the range extender shoots it back out on a higher frequency. Say for instance you have a restaurant and you don’t only want to offer your customers a free wifi access, but you as well want to offer the entire surrounding of your restaurant a free wifi (for whatever reason). You could easily do that because the range extender could generally pickup signals up to 1 to 3 miles.

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With WiFi Networking

A new aspect in networking

WiFi has brought a new aspect in the ground of networking. The broadcast of data is completed via radio waves and the cost of cables for network lying down.Wi-Fi enable a user to get access to internet anywhere in the given location. Now you can make a network in Hotels, Libraries, colleges, universities, campus, private institutes, and coffee shops and even on a public place to make your business more profitable and connect with their client any time. WiFi makes waves for business with their highly effective cable less media.

Unmatched mobility and elasticity

Wi-Fi, is allowing new intensity of connectivity without giving up functions. Wi-Fi introduced various types of utilities such music streamers that transmit your music to speakers without any wire you can also play music from the remote computer or any other attached to the network. The most important now you can play online radio. Wifi technology system is rather remarkable, you can download songs, send email and transfer files expediently at sky-scraping speed and you can move your computer easily because your WiFi network has no cable to disrupt your work so we can say that it is quite easy, helpful and most of all expedient.

Fortress Technology

WiFi providing secure wireless solutions support the growth and release of a prototype mobile ad hoc wireless network for use in the wireless strategic skirmish.

Support an entire age bracket.

WiFi technology has several advantages it support an entire age bracket and create a connection between components on the same network and have ability to transfer data between the devices and enable different kind of devices such as game, MP3 player, PDA's and much more!

It's convenient and every where

WiFi is a convenient technology and where the range station exists you are online during travel you can equip with a Wi-Fi network and set up shop anyplace. You will automatically connect with internet if you are near hotspot. These days WiFi exist every where with all its wonders.

More faster and secure

With WiFi you can get high speed of internet because it is very fast than DSL and Cable connection you can establish a Wifi network in small space now you don't need any professional installation just connect to a power outlet with an Ethernet cord, and start browsing. WiFi security system for Threats makes it more renewable and its tool protect your VPN and secure web page. You can easily configure the device to take better performance. The standard devices, embedded systems and network security make it more powerful

WiFi with no limitation

You can use a "WiFi" network with no limitation because it can connect you worldwide. You can easily reach to your requirements with WiFi networking applications because the power consumption is very high as compared to other bandwidth. The vision of wireless network is bright with Pre-N products and high qulaity media streaming.Further details are available on Wifi

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Basic Selection Antenna for Wireless Networking

The wireless coverage cell on inside deployments can be extended with external antennas that plug into connectors on the access points. Most antennas can be mounted on the ceiling or wall and outside antennas often use a mast to increase height for line of sight.

Effective Isotropic Radiated Power = Transmit Power (dBm) + Gain (dB) - Cable Loss (dB)

Omni-Directional

Omni-directional antenna sends a horizontal radiated pattern of 360 degrees and a vertical pattern of 50 - 70 degrees from its source. From a practical perspective the pattern isn't circular as much as being elliptical. It is a multi-homing antenna that sends signals to several clients in proximity causing some multipath fading that is minimized with antenna diversity. The gain values with 2.4 GHz antenna range from 2.2 dBi - 12 dBi. The higher gain antenna is deployed outside for the most part. Some Cisco access points have an integrated omni-directional dipole antenna or " rubber ducky" that is standard with each device.

Directional

The directional antenna sends out a directed radiated pattern connecting with a distant antenna. The antenna purpose is to send traffic between antennas and not used for multi device homing. There are 3 specific directional antennas: Yagi, Patch and Dish. The Dish antenna has highest gain and narrowest radiation angle beam while Patch antenna has lowest gain and widest radiated beam. Gain values with 2.4 GHz antennas range from 6dBi - 21 dBi. Most antenna from this group are implemented in buildings with there is a lot of signal attenuation such as manufacturing, warehouses, and structures with a lot of steel, concrete, angled designs etc.

Diversity 
The diversity antenna implement dual antenna on the access point receiving signals on both. The access point determines what antenna has best gain and transmits on that antenna.  Diversity antennas are designed using either omni-directional, directional or dipole styles. Multipath fading occurs in buildings that have a lot of signal reflection. The signal finds multiple paths from source to destination and signal becomes distorted at receiver. This is minimized or eliminated with diversity antennas.

External Antenna

Some Cisco access points such as 1200 series have connectors available for an external antenna. This is available with deployments in environments where the access point is at a maximum 300 feet from the wired switch or signal distortion is excessive. The external antenna with a specified coax cable of 3 - 100 feet allow for placement of the antenna at optimal positioning. Minimizing the cable length will decrease signal attenuation before transmission. Implementing the higher gain diversity patch antenna fixes the problem of clients being out of range. The company could have deployed a repeater as an alternative solution with an 1100 series access point that doesn't support an external antenna.

Building material and structural design will contribute to signal attenuation. The following describes from best to worst building material used with walls, floors and ceilings. Steel and concrete with several feet of construction is most difficult.

• Wood
• Concrete
• Reinforced Concrete
• Steel

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Antenna Characteristics

Antenna Characteristics are :

Radiation Pattern:
Radiation is maximum when broadside, or perpendicular to a wire, so a vertical whip is ideal for communication in any direction except straight up. The radiation “pattern”, perpendicular to the whip, can be described as omnidirectional. There is a ”null”, or signal minimum, at the end of the whip. With a less than ideal antenna, such as a bent or tilted whip, this null may move and partly disappear. It is important to know the radiation pattern of the antenna, in order to insure that a null is not present in the desired direction of communication.


Gain:
An antenna that radiates poorly has low “gain”. Antenna gain is a measure of how strongly the antenna radiates compared to a reference antenna, such as a dipole. A dipole is similar to a whip, but the groundplane is replaced with another quarter-wave wire. Overall performance is about the same. An antenna that is 6 dB less than a dipole is -6 dBd. This antenna would offer one half the range, or distance, of the dipole. Compact antennas are often less efficient than a dipole, and therefore, tend to have negative gain.


Impedance:
Another important consideration is how well a transmitter can transfer power into an antenna. If the antenna tuning circuit on a transmitter (or receiver) is designed for a 50 ohm load, the antenna should, of course, have an impedance near 50 ohms for best results. A whip over a flat groundplane has an impedance near 35 ohms, which is close enough. The impedance changes if the whip is mistuned or bent down, or if a hand or other object is placed close to it. The impedance becomes lower as the antenna is bent closer to ground. When the whip is tilted 45 degrees, the impedance is less than 20 ohms. When the whip is bent horizontal to one-tenth of a wavelength above ground, the impedance approaches 10 ohms. The resulting impedance mismatch, a 5:1 ratio (VSWR) will contribute an additional loss of 2.6 dB.


Polarization:
It is important that other antennas in the same communication system be oriented in the same way, that is, have the same polarization. A horizontally polarized antenna will not usually communicate very effectively with a vertical whip. In the real environment, metal objects and the ground will cause reflections, and may cause both horizontal and vertical polarized signals to be present.

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POE Homebrew

This post has continued my older post about POE (Power Over Ethernet), with this post I wanna show you how to make POE yourself.

Look at this pic...

This pic below show you how to injection AC adapter in Cable RJ45 to router wireless, if you don't really understand, just see this pic.

Explaination:
Actually from 8 single cable on the cable RG45, only 4 wires are used as a data drive, as shown above only the blue wire, blue white, green, and white green cable are used to deliver data, and the rest we can use to inject power from the adapter, and here I use a brown and white brown wires as injection power from the adapter to the router wireless.

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POE - Power Over Ethernet

PoE basically "injects" power into an ethernet cable at the source, and "picks" off that power at the destination. The power "injector" and "picker" can be external adaptors or can be "embedded" into the devices themselves. Either way, the destination device is completely powered by the ethernet cable, no extension cord or outlets required.

Many applications benefit from electrical power sent over ethernet cables. This avoids a separate power cord for things like internet phones and wireless access points. Fortunately and unfortunately, there are several ways to do this. Fortunately you have several choices, unfortunately they are not all compatible. Fortunately you are at the right place to sort out the confusion between standards.


There are basically three methods of sending PoE on the ethernet cable:

First type of PoE, using "data" wires. The IEEE (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers), same folks who standardized Ethernet itself, standardized PoE in June 2003. The IEEE 802.3af standard uses the same "data" pairs as ethernet, leaving the "spare" pairs free. This PoE adds DC power to the data pairs using signal transformers, and pickes off power at the far end the same way. A comprehensive set of technical standards for Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) and Powered Devices (PD) create an "idiot proof" system protected from shorted wiring, polarity reversal, or accidentally plugging in non-PoE equipment. IEEE 802.3af is technically complex and best implemented with power management chips specially designed for the purpose, supplied by Dallas, Maxim, Linear Technology, Texas Instruments, and others, that are intended to be embedded into the PoE devices themselves. Expect PoE device makers using their own standard to migrate to IEEE 802.3af in the future.

Second type of PoE is a combination of the two. The new IEEE 802.3af standard alternatively allows the "spare" wire pairs to be energized, to be compatible with both types of wiring. You may mix 802.3af with older or homebrew PoE devices, but the result may not be "idiot proof". If your mixed network has only PoE sources that are IEEE 802.3af compliant, your mixed network is pretty safe from damage, but older devices may or may not operate correctly. This mixed PoE allows brands to migrate to the common standard.

Third type of PoE, using "spare" wire pairs. The Unshielded Twisted Pair wiring (UTP) for ethernet has 8 wires, twisted in 4 pairs. Ethernet connects to only two pairs for data, leaving the other two free. Simply using the "spare" pairs is the hands-down most economical and efficient way to do PoE. But, beware of incompatible standards for polarity and voltage, which vary from brand to brand. More info below. Beware also, some other devices, such as ordinary analog phones, may already be using the "spare" pairs in your network. Also, if you plug your laptop or some kind of non-PoE ethernet device into a port energized with PoE, it may or may not harm your devices. All homebrew and many commercial PoE devices use the "spare" pairs in UTP wiring, and it is the absolute fastest and easiest way to adapt a non-PoE device to use PoE.


If you are merely a consumer, any IEEE 802.3af compatible device will work with any other. If your PoE devices are not IEEE 802.3af compliant, best stick with one brand, or at least with PoE devices known to be compatible with your favorite brand. More info below. If you are comfortable working with low voltage, you have come to the right place to sort out the various standards and roll-your-own PoE network.

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